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| Managers and Leaders: Are They Different? (HBR Classic) | 
| Author: Abraham Zaleznik
Publisher: Harvard Business Review
Category: Book
Buy New: $6.50
Avg. Customer Rating:  (2 reviews)
Sales Rank: 610942
Format: Download: Pdf
Language: English (Published)
Media: Digital
Pages: 11
ASIN: B0002185TA
Publication Date: January 1, 2004
Release Date: October 25, 2008
Availability: Available for download now
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Product Description
Managers and leaders are two very different types of people. Managers' goals arise out of necessities rather than desires; they excel at defusing conflicts between individuals or departments, placating all sides while ensuring that an organization's day-to-day business gets done. Leaders, on the other hand, adopt personal, active attitudes toward goals. They look for the opportunities and rewards that lie around the corner, inspiring subordinates and firing up the creative process with their own energy. Their relationships with employees and coworkers are intense, and their working environment is often chaotic. In this article, first published in 1977, the author argues that businesses need both managers and leaders to survive and succeed. But in the larger U.S. organizations of that time, a "managerial mystique" seemed to perpetuate the development of managerial personalities--people who rely on, and strive to maintain, orderly work patterns. The managerial power ethic favors collective leadership and seeks to avoid risk. That same managerial mystique can stifle leaders' development--How can an entrepreneurial spirit develop when it is submerged in a conservative environment and denied personal attention? Mentor relationships are crucial to the development of leadership personalities, but in large, bureaucratic organizations, such relationships are not encouraged. Businesses must find ways to train good managers and develop leaders at the same time.
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| Customer Reviews:
Management comes from Neccessity, Leadership from Desires March 24, 2008
This is a truely classic article from 1977 that addresses Leaders vs. Managers.
From the Best of HBR:
"The difference between managers and leaders, he wrote, lies in the conceptions they hold, deep in the psyches, of chaos and order. Managers embrace process, seek stability and control, and instinctively try to resolve problems quickly - sometimes before they fully understand a problem's significance. Leaders, in contrast, tolerate chaos and lack of structure and are willing to delay closure in order to understand the issues more fully in this way, Zalenznik argued, business leaders have much more in common with artists, scientists and other creative thinkers than they do with managers. Organizations need both managers and leaders to succeed, but developing both requires a reduced focus on logic and strategic exercises in favour of an environment where creativity and imagination are permitted to flourish."
I love the notion that leaders are highly creative. I have always tolerated a high degree of uncertainty and chaos. I make decisions routinely with imperfect data. Although I do not consider myself to be artistically creative, I pride myself on my creativity which is the heart of entrepreneurship.
No article on leadership would be complete without the concept of mystical brilliance that allows only great people to be leaders etc. It quickly brings the reader down to earth by saying this view "contrasts sharply with the mundane, practical and important conception that that leadership is really managing work that other people do."
"Managerial goals arise out of neccessities rather than desires".
I found the article to be particularly "freeing" for me since I have to work hard at some of the "management" type things. I know in order to be good, I need to develop both. I do believe we all have some Manager and some Leader in us (and niether is better than the other - we need both). I suspect I created my Time Leadership Book as part of a quest to conquer some small part of management (and I know that teaching is the best way to learn)
I blogged about Leadership vs. Management early in my blogging career in May 2005 because my blog is called CEO Blog - Time Leadership (not Time Management). I am more of a leader type than a management type. From that post:
"Leadership is about doing the right things, Management is about doing things right.Leadership is about having the map and going the right direction (goals). Management is about going there efficiently.Leadership is about effectiveness. Management is about efficiency.
Leadership comes before Management."
The difference in development of managers and leaders March 15, 2002
9 out of 9 found this review helpful
Abraham Zaleznik is Professor of Leadership Emeritus at Harvard Business School. He has written several books and articles on general management and leadership issues.Zaleznik comes straight at the point in this article, he start with this question: "What is the ideal way to develop leadership?" Most societies provide their own answer to this question. According to Zaleznik business has contributed by evolving a new breed called the manager (remember that this article was originally published in May-June 1977). And he believes that this has led to organizations becoming bureaucratic with an emphasis on rationality and control. Zaleznik believes that managers and leaders are very different kinds of people. "They differ in motivation, personal history, and in how they think and act." In order to prove his point, he discusses differences in attitudes toward goals, conceptions of work, relationships with others, and personalities. Eventually, Zaleznik concludes that we have to examine two different courses of life history in considering the development of leadership. The first one is through socialization, the second one is through personal mastery. "Society produces its managerial talent through the first line of development; leaders emerge through the second." But Zaleznik believes that organizations can develop leaders. Unlike known myths, he does not believe in peer training. He believes in one-to-one relationships between senior people and potential leaders. "Great teachers take risks. ... The risks do not always pay off, but the willingness to take them appears to be crucial in developing leaders." This OnPoint edition is complemented with a strong retrospective commentary by the author, which was published in March-April 1992. This is an fantastic article by Abraham Zaleznik, I could really quote the whole article. It discusses the differences between managers and leaders, which is followed by a discussion how leaders are developed. Highly recommended to anybody interested in management and leadership. For readers interested in leadership and the difference between management and leadership I also recommend the articles by Henry Mintzberg (1975), 'The Manager's Job: Folklore and Fact', John Kotter (1990), 'What Leaders Really Do', and Tom Peters (1979), 'Leadership: Sad Facts and Silver Linings'. The author uses simple US-English.
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